Search results

This paper provides an update on the major developments in exercise recommendations for young people, and in particular, focuses on the most recent guidelines which have been developed in England by the Health Education Authority (HEA). The recommendations are contained within the HEA’s policy framework for the promotion of health‐enhancing physical activity for young people, Young and Active?, which aims to maximise the opportunity for participation in health‐enhancing physical activity. The paper discusses the practical application of the guidelines and provides ideas as to how they can be implemented by physical educators and health professionals. It proposes that the recommendations are more realistic, flexible, appealing and attainable than previous guidelines and that they signal significant progress in the field of exercise prescription for young people. However, cautions and messages highlighted in earlier reviews in the area still hold.

Tertiary hospitals have registered an incremental rise in expenditure mostly because of the increasing demands by ageing populations. Reducing the length of stay (LOS) of patients within tertiary hospitals is one of the strategies, which has been used in the last decades to ensure health care systems’ sustainability. Furthermore, LOS is one of the key performance indicators, which is widely used to assess hospital efficiency. Hence, it is crucial that policy makers use evidence-based practices in health care to aim for optimal LOS. The purpose of this paper is to identify and summarize empirical research that brings together studies on the various variables that directly or indirectly impact on LOS within tertiary hospitals so as to develop a LOS causal systems model.

This scoping review was guided by the following research question: “What is affecting the LOS of patients within tertiary-level health care?” and by the guidelines specified by Arksey and O’Malley (2005), and by Armstrong et al. (2011). Relevant current literature was retrieved by searching various electronic databases. The PRISMA model provided the process guidelines to identify and select eligible studies.

An extensive literature search yielded a total of 30,350 references of which 46 were included in the final analysis. These articles yielded variables, which directly/indirectly are linked to LOS. These were then organized according to the Donabedian model – structure, processes and outcomes. The resultant LOS causal model reflects its complexity and confirms the consideration by scholars in the field that hospitals are complex adaptive systems, and that hospital managers must respond to LOS challenges holistically.

This paper illustrates a complex LOS causal model that emerged from the scoping review and may be of value for future research. It also highlighted the complexity of the construct under study.

Online production and transmission of child abuse material (CAM) is a complex and growing global problem. The exponential increase in the volume of CyberTips of CAM offending is placing information processing and decision-making strains on law enforcement. This paper presents the outcomes of a project that reviewed an existing risk assessment tool and then developed a new tool for CAM triaging and investigative prioritisation.

Using a mixed method approach, the authors first explored the capacity of an existing risk assessment tool for predicting a police action. The authors then used these findings to design and implement a replacement CAM decision support tool. Using a random sample of CyberTip alert cases from 2018, the authors then tested the efficiency of the new tool.

The existing risk assessment tool was not fit for CAM triaging purposes. Just six questions from the old tool were found to be statistically and significantly associated with law enforcement agents achieving a police action. The authors found that an immediate threat of abuse/endangering a child, potential case solvability, CAM image assessment, chat assessment, criticality and some weighting for professional judgement were significant in being associated with a police action. The new decision support tool is more efficient to complete and achieved a 93.6% convergence of risk ratings with the old tool using 2018 case data.

This research is unique in its development of an evidence-based decision support tool that enhances the ability of law enforcement agents to objectively and efficiently triage and prioritise increasing numbers of CyberTip alerts.

The most significant point to be introduced in the subdomain technique (i.e. based on the formal resolution of Maxwell’s equations applied in subdomain) is the local saturation effect. This paper aims to present a novel contribution on the improvement in the two-dimensional (2-D) technique in polar coordinates by focusing on the local saturation.

The rotor and stator regions are divided into elementary subdomains (E-SDs) which are characterized by general solutions to the first harmonic of magnetostatic Maxwell equations. These E-SDs are connected in the two directions (i.e. r- and θ-edges). Newton–Raphson (NR) iterative algorithm is used for nonlinear magnetic field analysis.

The proposed model is relevant for different types of rotating electrical machines; as an example, the semi-analytical model has been implemented for spoke-type permanent-magnet (PM) machines (STPMMs). The magnetic field calculations have been performed for nonlinear B(H) curve and compared to nonlinear finite element method (FEM) predictions. The semi-analytic results are in good agreement with those obtained numerically, considering both amplitude and waveform.

A new model for full prediction of magnetic field in the rotating electrical machines with the local saturation effect is presented.

My focus in this paper is on the meaning that rock music has for fans of Lou Reed. I use the comments following his death as my primary data. These data were posted on the New York Times website in the comments section following the report “Outsider Whose Dark, Lyrical Vision Helped Shape Rock ‘n’ Roll.” From these data I develop what I call “the marginal self” in reference to how rock music helps self-identified marginalized persons to deal with their social exclusion and alienation. Drawing on Kotarba’s (2012) analytic categories of the self, I will show how these data give insight into a wide range of existential meanings related to the music of Lou Reed. For many who wrote these comments their reading of Lou Reed has been an essential transformative part of their life in similar ways to baby boomers as outlined in Kotarba’s (2012) Baby Boomers Rock ‘n’ Roll Fans: The Music Never Ends. I first show how Kotarba’s (2012) core concepts of the musical self provide insight into how fans of Lou Reed develop a sense of self through Reed’s music. I then turn to a discussion of the marginalized self as a development of Kotarba’s (2012) categories of “authenticity work” and “becoming of the self.” Suggestions for future research are noted.